Methods in Enzymology Vol.200 Protein Phosphorylation, Part A: Protein Kinases Assays, Purification

Protein kinases are defined as enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from a phosphate donor onto an acceptor amino acid in a substrate protein. As most protein kinases have multiple substrates, it seems reasonable to classify protein kinases based on the acceptor amino acid specificity rather than protein substrate specificity. Based on this idea, the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemists has recommended that protein kinases be classified into five categories. These categories are phosphotransferases with a protein alcohol group as acceptor called protein-serine/threonine kinases; phosphotransferases with a protein phenolic group as acceptor called protein-tyrosine kinases; phosphotransferases with a protein histidine, arginine, or lysine group as acceptor called protein-histidine kinases; phosphotransferases with a protein cysteine group as acceptor called protein-cysteine kinases; and phosphotransferases with a protein acyl group as acceptor called protein-aspartyl or glutamyl kinases. Enzymes in the first two categories are well known, whereas enzymes in the last three categories are less well characterized. Many enzymes that phosphorylate serine/threonine or tyrosine in proteins have been purified, and molecular clones for more than 100 of these protein kinases have been isolated from a variety of eukaryotic species. Most of the protein kinases that would be identified in the future are likely to be derived from gene cloning, either using directed search strategies or else as a result of sequencing individual genes or ultimately entire genomes. There are currently well over 100 bona fide or putative mammalian protein kinases, which have been cloned and which appear to be derived from distinct genes. The number increases significantly when one includes protein kinase isoforms generated by alternate splicing, which for some genes can result in multiple distinct proteins.

• Hardcover: 763 pages
• Publisher: Academic Press;
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0121821013
• ISBN-13: 978-0121821012
• Product Dimensions: 1.5 x 6.2 x 9.2 inches

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